Saturday, April 11, 2009

Birth Of Automobiles


Horses had dreams of them since time immemorial, but it was only in the 18th century that the first horseless carriage actually hit the roads. That's not to say that the idea never struck anyone. Seeds of the idea, in fact, originated long before the first contraption was rolled.

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The History of the automobile actually began about 4,000 years ago when the first wheel was used for transportation in India. Several Italians recorded designs for wind-driven cars. The first was Guido da Vigevano in 1335. It was a windmill-type drive to gears and thus to wheels. Vaturio designed a similar car that was also never built. Later Leonardo da Vinci designed clockwork-driven tricycle with tiller steering and a differential mechanism between the rear wheels.
In the early 15th century, the Portuguese arrived in China and the interaction of the two cultures led to a variety of new technologies, including the creation of a wheel that turned under its own power. By the 1600s, small steam-powered engine models were developed, but it was another century before a full-sized engine-powered automobile was created.
A Catholic priest named Father Ferdinan Verbiest is credited to have built a steam-powered car for the Chinese Emperor Chien Lung in about 1678. There is no information about the automobile , only the event. Since James Watt didn't invent the steam engine until 1705, we can guess that this was possibly a model automobile powered by a mechanism like Hero's steam engine-a spinning wheel with jets on the periphery.
Although by the mid-15th century the idea of a self-propelled automobile had been put into practice with the development of experimental car is powered by means of springs, clockworks, and the wind, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot of France is considered to have built the first true automobile in 1769. Designed by Cugnot and constructed by M. Brezin, it is also the first automobile to move under its own power for which there is a record. Cugnot's three-wheeled steam-powered automobile carried four persons and was meant to move artillery pieces. It had a top speed of a little more than 3.2 km/h (2 mph) and had to stop every 20 minutes to build up a fresh head of steam.
Evans was the first American who obtained a patent for "a self-propelled carriage." He, in fact, attempted to create a two-in-one combination of a steam wagon and a flat-bottomed boat, which didn't receive any attention in those days. During the 1830's, the steam car had made great advances. But stiff competition from railway companies and crude legislations in Britain forced the poor steam automobile gradually out of use on roads. The early steam-powered automobile s were so heavy that they were only practical on a perfectly flat surface as strong as iron. A road thus made out of iron rails became the norm for the next hundred and twenty-five years. The automobile s got bigger and heavier and more powerful and as such they were eventually capable of pulling a train of many car s filled with freight and passengers.

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